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For traffic going through a network cloud,
path determination occurs at the network layer. The path determination
function enables a router to evaluate the available paths to a
destination and to establish the preferred handling of a packet.
Routing services use network topology information when evaluating
network paths. This information can be configured by the network
administrator or collected through dynamic processes running in the
network.
The network layer provides best-effort,
end-to-end, packet delivery across interconnected networks. The
network layer uses the IP routing table to send packets from the
source network to the destination network. After the router determines
which path to use, it takes the packet from one interface and forwards
it to another interface or port that reflects the best path to the
packet's destination.
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